Curious Appetites Food, Desire, Gender, And Subjectivity

In the article â€Å"Curious Appetites: Food, Desire, Gender, and Subjectivity in Lewis Carroll’s Alice Texts,† Carina Garland takes on a classic childhood book and author. She enlightens the reader on the gender aspects behind the Lewis Carroll books Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There. Garland utilizes the knowledge of Carroll’s peculiar and slightly grotesque history of relationships with prepubescent girls and abhorrence of women, linked with his abnormal association with food, to decipher these surreal childhood novels. To help analyze these texts in depth Garland uses theories from Freud (Eros vs. Thanatos) and Barbara Creed’s (vagina dentate). Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There tell the story of Alice, a young girl, and her journey through the bizarre world of Wonderland. The basic origin of the tale begin s with Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll was only his pseudonym for his children’s books) and his â€Å"confirmed and well-known adoration of the little girl figure, and it wasn‘t unusual for him to present gifts and lavish (excessive) attention on little girls, enjoying many friendships† (Garland 26). These Alice stories are based on his close friend’s young daughter, Alice Liddell. Garland’s analysis brings up the idea Alice, the character, journey can be seen as Dodgson’s efforts to process his â€Å"friend† Alice Liddell was growing up to be a woman.Show MoreRelatedPlenary Session69346 Words   |  278 Pagesdeterminations and their self sacrifices to people, things and situations, and they will be unable locate the reality of another’s true feelings, nor be interested in discovering that their seemingly objective judgments miss the reasons and subjectivities underlying both their own and others lives or worldly situation. Petulance, pensiveness and a sense of being let down by others can often be the end result of this one sided approach to the world, whilst if the ENFJ is in a strong company or relationshipRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pagesgroup norms consistent with the goals of the organization. Another noted contributor to the field of human relations was Abraham Maslow. In 1943, Maslow suggested that humans have five levels of needs. The most basic needs are the physical needs for food, water, and shelter; the most advanced need is for self-actualization, or personal fulfillment. Maslow argued that people try to satisfy their lower level needs and then progress upward to the higher-level needs. Managers can facilitate this processRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizationa l Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCharacteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing Diversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesyou carried all your food, water, sleeping bags, and tents. Last night you discovered that somebody had accidentally cracked the large water container. Now you are stuck with no water. Although there is a stream nearby, you wouldn’t normally drink from a stream, and you remember that your packets of water-sterilization tablets are in 3 the pocket of your other coat—the one you left at home at the last minute. The three of you are thirsty and have only dehydrated food left, except for four

Moral Duty of Care - 2148 Words

Moral Duty of Care 1 MORAL DUTY OF CARE Moral Duty of Care 2 There are so many challenges when dealing with a sick loved one. But it can even more difficult when they are unable to speak for themselves, uninsured and an illegal immigrant. In this paper we will determine the best possible solution to this ethical dilemma by applying the model for making moral decisions we will explain the moral duty of the hospital. As the director of respiratory care†¦show more content†¦Therefore the hospital has or is doing their moral duty of care by providing care by getting the patient stable enough to move to another floor or discontinue treatment measures that are already in place. The Moral Duty of Care 4 Joint Commission (TJC) provides core measures of quality that health care organizations must report and has set compliance standard for those measures and the patient’s diagnosis does not meet any of those core measures(Sadeghi et. al., 2013). Therefore we feel that the patient can be moved to the stroke unit where there is measures set it place that can accommodate the patients current condition since the family does not want to discontinue the ventilator. Informed consent is essential for patient autonomy, as well as respecting the family cultural and religious values. But I assume that this was done when the patient was admitted for a stroke and the patient’s family signed off on this consent when the physician informed them of the patient’s underlying conditioned. Jesus respect for those in need of healing acts as a guide for patient interactions (Mark 10:46-51). In this case the patient is unable to communicate and has no advance directive or living will set inShow MoreRelatedAustralia Is A Country With Cultural And Ethnic Diversity Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesin procedures, which are against as well as unacceptable in their own religious, moral, ethical beliefs and value as a health care professional. However, there should be a fine line between those religious, moral belief and the individual’s personal convenience and preference. This essay will discuss on the right of nurses to refuse to participate in procedure, which are not acceptable in terms of their religious, moral and ethical value. It also states what are the reasonable steps to be taken andRead MorePersonal Ethics974 Words   |  4 Pagespractice? Ethics and values form the basis of nursing. Nurses provide nursing care by preventing illness, reducing suffering and promoting restoration of health in individuals, families, societies and communities. Nursing involves technical skills and abilities, duty and service to others with compassion and efficient decision-making. Nursing care ensures in meeting the needs of patients and their families during the care to relieve from the consequences of sufferings. Nurses have to be vigilant enoughRead MoreImmanuel Kant Beliefs793 Words   |  3 Pages When it comes to guiding our moral actions, I believe that care ethics is the better moral philosophy to follow over Kantian deontology. While both moral philosophies strongly believe in defending the dignity of our fellow man, care ethics believes that nurturance and caring is the best way to defend a person’s dignity, as opposed to Kant who believe that our actions alone determine our dignity and worth. There are a number of reason s why one should choose care ethics over Kantian deontology. TheRead MoreKant s The Metaphysic Of Morals845 Words   |  4 PagesA very influential philosopher Immanuel Kant says, â€Å"To be kind where one can is duty† (Pure Practical Reason in the Moral Law, 127). Kant makes the argument that without good intentions, even if the action itself is morally good, the action has no intrinsic worth. Although he makes a very strong argument, this isn’t accepted by everyone. In the excerpt Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, Kant presents a profound argument that how right an action is, is determined by intention of the principleRead MoreExploring Whether All Morality Should Reduce to Respecting Autonomy1377 Words   |  6 Pagespractical reason and be capable of making independent judgements and imposing the moral law on themselves, which he defines as moral autonomy. This theory is also supported by Kant’s The End-In-Itself Formulation of the Categorical Imperative, where he states that people’s rational nature is never a means to an end, but an end in itself. This implies intrinsic value to autonomy and emphasizes respect to this sole significant moral factor. However, respecting autonomy is not necessarily equivalent to respectingRead MoreUnderstand Ethical Principles in Relation to Providing Support for Individuals797 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Principles When working in a health or social care setting professional practitioners are very often with situations involving moral dilemmas. Therefore it is important for the health, care and social workers to understand morality and the meaning of moral decisions and how they are linked to the practice of heath and social care. Health and social care workers also will need to have a clear understanding of their legal position, and the morals and ethics that form the basis of their best interestsRead MoreThe Main Contributions Of Immanuel Kant1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthat he authored â€Å"one of the most important works of moral philosophy ever written†. As found in Justice with Michael Sandel, â€Å"Kant argues that morality is based neither on the principle of utility, nor on a law of nature, but on human reason. According to Kant, reason tells us what we ought to do, and when we obey our own reason, only then are we truly free†.1 To imply utilitarian, an opposing theory, would be to derive that the outcome of moral actions are based solely on the merits of a positiveRead MoreThe Nursing Code Of Ethics Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesAs described in Black, ethics and morals are defining characteristics that guide nursing care. Each play a particular role in the efficacy of each nurse an d the way he or she performs within the scope of practice. Morals are established as a rule of conduct in any situation provided and once a nurse is aware of one’s personal beliefs and values, safe and effective client care can be delivered through ethical decision making. Ethical decision making involves a critical analysis of actions beforeRead MoreThe International Guidelines For Biomedical Research Involving Human Subject1479 Words   |  6 Pagesfor all health care professionals to adhere too. Confidentiality is one of the ultimate duties of any medical practice. It is a requirement that all health care providers keep patients personal health information private unless the patient gives the consent to release the information. This responsibility of confidentiality forbids the health care provider from releasing any information about a patients case to others without their consent and encourages providers and other health care workers to takeRead MoreDeontological vs. Teleological Ethical Systems Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesDeontological moral systems are characterized by a focus upon adherence to independent moral rules or duties. To make the correct moral choices, we have to understand what our moral duties are and what correct rules exist to regulate those duties. When we follow our duty, we are behaving morally. When we fail to follow our duty, we are behaving immorally. Typically in any deontological system, our duties, rules, and obligations are determined by God. Being moral is thus a matter of obeying God. Deontological

The Scottsboro Trials Essay - 1244 Words

March 25, 1931, nine men hopped on to a freight train of no return (Uschan 10). Unjust, prejudice, and racist the Scottsboro Trials, were definitely not just another ordinary case. The Scottsboro Trials changed how America viewed segregation. The nine young men, who hopped onto that train that day, were innocent and harmless. The Scottsboro Trials revealed the unjust treatment that African Americans faced outside of the Harlem Renaissance and changed views on segregation. Boarding the train from Chattanooga to Memphis seems like an innocent thing to do (â€Å"UMKC† par. 2). For the Scottsboro boys, boarding that train was one of the worst things they could have done. Two dozen whites and black road the train that day, and within the first†¦show more content†¦They were so furious that they demanded that the sheriff give them the Scottsboro boys so they could hang them (Uschan 14)! April 6, 1931, the trials for the Scottsboro boys begin(Uschan 16). The boys were repre sented by Milo C. Moody and Stephen Roddy who were only given twelve days to prepare for the trials. Stephen was and unpaid, unprepared real estate attorney, and Milo was a forgetful seventy year old local attorney who hadn’t tried a case in a long time (â€Å"San Marcos† line 13). The trails were completely unorganized and false information was stated throughout the whole thing. The cross examination of Victoria Price lasted minutes and the defense offered very little information to the judge. Six out of the nine boys ended up denying the rape while 3 admitted to it. Even though the three men didn’t rape the women, because of beatings and threats, they admitted to the gang rape. By the time the trail had ended 8 out of the 9 boys were convicted and sentenced to death. Since one of the Scottsboro boys was only thirteen, he was considered too young to be tried as an adult (â€Å"UMKC† par. 6-7). On January of 1932, the Alabama Supreme Court ruled by a 6-1 vote that all but one of the eight men were guilty. Once again they were all sentenced to the death penalty. Then the case was appealed to the Supreme Court. The court ruled by a 7-2 vote that right ofShow MoreRelatedThe Scottsboro Trials Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scottsboro Trials Racism wasted the lives of nine young, black men. In a trial where the only plausible evidence proved their innocence, they were still convicted. They were accused of rape, but all it was was an accusation. There was nothing to back it up. They endured many trials almost all of which had prejudice juries. This is the story of nine young men who had little, and then had everything taken away from them. On March 24, 1931, nine black youthsRead MoreThe Trials Of The Scottsboro Boys1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe trials of the Scottsboro Boys, one of the most important judicial cases of the 1930’s arose when nine African-American young men rode the train in Scottsboro, Alabama in search for work. Instead of finding job opportunities, they found themselves faced with death sentences after being wrongly accused of raping two white teenage girls. The case lasted approximately six years due to campaigns that claimed it dealt with racism and began to demand their right to a fair trial. Fiela’s Child, publishedRead MoreThe Scottsboro Trials And Racial Prejudice1707 Words   |  7 Pagesincludes The Scottsboro Trials. Both stories uprise in the 1930s, displaying a white supremacist mindset, which two cases fall into the conviction of rape. The Scottsboro case started on a train to northern Alabama to southern Tennessee, when nine African American boys, ranging in ages from 1 3-19, allegedly raped two â€Å"innocent† Caucasian women, Victoria Price and Ruby Bates. Racial discrimination uprises in American judicial system when shown in To Kill a Mockingbird and The Scottsboro Trials throughRead MoreScottsboro Trials and to Kill a Mockingbird1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scottsboro Trial and the trial of Tom Robinson are almost identical in the forms of bias shown and the accusers that were persecuted. The bias is obvious and is shown throughout both cases, which took place in the same time period. Common parallels are seen through the time period that both trials have taken place in and those who were persecuted and why they were persecuted in the first place. The thought of All blacks were liars, and all blacks are wrongdoers, was a major part of all of theseRead MoreUnfair Treatment during the Scottsboro Trials1739 Words   |  7 PagesAround this time blacks were still not treated fairly, even in poverty. In the Scottsboro case in Alabama two white woman prostitutes falsely accused nine African American youths of rape on a freight train car; the boys were convicted in every trial due to the prejudices of an all white jury, and they had an attorney with little to no motivation to put any effort into their defense. The boys of the Scottsboro trials were never treated fairly from the beginning. The whole journey was filled withRead MoreScottsboro Trial: The Real Trial of Tom Robinson in To Kill a Mockingbird954 Words   |  4 PagesThe historical Scottsboro Trial and the fictional trial of Tom Robinson in the book To Kill a Mockingbird have striking similarities that may or may not be coincidence. Both trials took place in Alabama during the same era of relentless prejudice and bias, which is a major factor in each of these cases. In both cases, the accusers were white women and the persecutors were black men; therefore the black men were immediately considered liars and â€Å"wrongdoers†, unlike the word of the white women, whichRead MoreCompare and Contrast: â€Å"to Kill a Mockingbird† Scottsboro Trials978 Words   |  4 Pageswas writing about the trial of Tom Robinson in â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird,† she had a very real case to look to for inspiration. The trial of t he Scottsboro Boys was a world renowned case in the 1930’s in which nine black youths were accused of raping to white girls in Alabama. Lee’s novel took this case and created the fictional case of Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping a lower class white girl in a small town in Alabama during the Depression-era. The Scottsboro trials were the main sourceRead MoreEssay about The Scottsboro Trials and To Kill A Mockingbird1164 Words   |  5 Pages The Scottsboro Trial and the trial of Tom Robinson are almost identical in the forms of bias shown and the accusers that were persecuted. The bias is obvious and is shown throughout both cases, which took place in the same time period. Common parallels are seen through the time period that both trials have taken place in and those who were persecuted and why they were persecuted in the first place. The thought of quot;All blacks were liars, and all blacks are wrongdoers,quot; was a major partRead More The Scottsboro T rials, Brown v. Mississippi, and trial of Tom Robinson in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scottsboro Trials, Brown v. Mississippi, and trial of Tom Robinson in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird The purpose of this essay is to compare three very similar cases, the Scottsboro Trials, Brown v. Mississippi, and the fictional trial of Tom Robinson in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird; and to prove why the defendant of the third trial never had a chance. Each took place in the rural South in the 1920’s and 30’s and involved the unfair conviction of young black males by all-whiteRead MoreSimilarities Between To Kill a Mocking Birds and the Scottsboro and Tom Robinson Trial1045 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scottsboro Trial and the Tom Robinson Trial are almost identical in the forms of racism and prejudice shown and the the actual trial and the trials outcome. The racism and prejudice is clear and is a key factor throughout both cases, which took place in the same time period. Both trials are very common when it came to the time period, the time the trials have taken place in, those who were persecuted and lastly, why they were persecuted in the first place. â⠂¬Å"All blacks were liars, and always was

Canadian Flag Information free essay sample

Thank you very much for your purchase of this brand new Canadian flag. The proper name of this flag is The National Flag of Canada. Why is this flag important to Canadians? When it was time for our old flag The Red Ensign to be replaced dozens of suggestions for the new design were submitted to parliament. The one that was chosen is the flag that you have just purchased. But still why is this new design important? It is important because it was another huge step towards real independence for Canada as a nation. Our old flag The Red Ensign mainly represented the British flag and symbols of the five founding nations of Canadian. With our new flag it is something that just represents Canadian and it is a strong symbol that is easily recognized by the rest of the world. History and Meaning of the Design: The history of the Canadian flag is very rich and has many important things about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Canadian Flag Information or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this brochure just the very key point will be talked about. February 15th 1965 was the day that parliament officially adopted the new design for the Canadian flag, the Prime Minister at the time was Lester Pearson. When this flag was brought into use Canada has ten provinces and one territory and this is why the Maple Leaf in the middle of the flag has 11 points, one to represent each of the provinces and territories. The red Maple Leaf with a white backround is a big Canadian symbol so is was chosen to be in the middle of the flag taking up 50% of the total flag space. The red bars that are at both the left and right sides of the Flag represent the two oceans bordering the west and east coasts of Canada. These red bars take up 25% of the flag space each. Etiquette rules and caring rules for the Canadian Flag: The National Flag of Canada must always be on its own flagpole. Nothing can ever be pinned, written, or sewn onto the National Flag of Canada. The National Flag of Canada must only be used as a flag and not for other things such as a table cloth, a poster, or blinds to put over windows. It is very offensive act to burn the National Flag of Canada. The National Flag of Canada may be flown at night and it is not necessary to have the flag lit. When this flag becomes worn out and is no longer in good enough condition for use it must be destroyed or desposed of in a dignified way. For example burying the flag.

Mother Loves Me Essays - Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Jerry Mouse

Mother Loves Me annon Children usually form a powerful and unseparable bond with their family. These fortunate angels get all the love and attention they call for. But for children less fortunate, they are also in need of love and care. For example, Jerry, a twelve year old orphan in the short story A Mother in Mannville by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, had experienced his young life without a family. He was sent to the orphanage at the age of four. However, as he started to spend time with the writer who lived in a cabin below the mountains, Jerry felt a great maternal affection towards her. They became very close and, hence, developed a strong relationship between them. For Jerry and all children, a child's true wish is for their mother's love. A period of time after Jerry had been with the writer, he developed a strong affection towards her. One night, sitting with the woman in front of the warm fire, Jerry became sentimental, telling her that she looked a little like his mother. He told a moving story about his mother, who lived in Mannville, and how she always sent gifts to him on Christmas and on his birthdays. But the story was later revealed that Jerry never had a mother in Mannville. He fabricated the lie because he loved the writer just as much as he would love his own mother. Jerry felt that the woman was very close to him, and being with her gave him a warm feeling-a feeling like home. Even the writer's dog, Pat, was intimate and never barked at him. To Jerry, the writer and Pat were a part of his life. If Jerry never felt this kind of motherly love from the woman, he would not have lied about his mother in Mannville. In other words, if the writer was not as nice and understanding, Jerry would not have lied. He would never want a mother who does not care about him. When Jerry lied about his mother, he wanted the writer to realize that he was really referring to her as his mother. There was no distance between them and Jerry always felt safe and comfortable to talk to her. But if Jerry never sensed the passion and security from the writer, he would not know what and how mothers truly are. Hence, Jerry would not have made up the story. Children who have the gift of motherly love are always more happy and fulfilled than those who does not. In our society, we should encourage people who love children to adopt orphans and give them the love and care they deserve. These children should have the same privileges as those with a family. When kind parents adopt these orphans, they are also providing the children hope and happiness for their future.

Free Essays on Public Policy

The process of policymaking, like most other aspects of public policy, cannot simply be understood by examining flow charts and diagrams. Traditional teaching models like How a Bill Becomes a Law fail to take into account other policy-making factors like interest group and constituency influence, agenda setting and the role of the mass media. In the text, Dye illustrates the process that occurs in the enactment of public policy. Dye’s process of policymaking contains six steps. Each part of the process is essential to understanding public policy, and each part has varying participants. The six parts of Dye’s policymaking process are problem identification, agenda setting, policy formulation, policy legitimation, policy implementation and policy evaluation. Ideally, individual citizens and groups of individual citizens bring about the problems identified in our system of government. Democratic systems are designed to meet the demands brought about by its citizen. However, it is not possible for the government to meet every demand of every citizen. On top of this, the government rarely hears the demands of ordinary citizens on a regular basis. Thus, agenda setting, or deciding what the government pays attention to, is crucial in the making of public policy. Dye defines agenda setting as â€Å"Deciding what issues will be decided and what problems will be addressed by the government†. Scarcity on the political agenda creates the need for political elites, including but not limited to the president and congress, to draw attention to certain societal problems. In terms of agenda setting, political elites have almost absolute control. The next step in the policymaking process is policy formulation. Policy formulation is the development of policy alternatives for dealing with problems on the agenda. Once a problem becomes important enough to be on the political agenda, policy alternatives are formulated to fix that pro... Free Essays on Public Policy Free Essays on Public Policy The process of policymaking, like most other aspects of public policy, cannot simply be understood by examining flow charts and diagrams. Traditional teaching models like How a Bill Becomes a Law fail to take into account other policy-making factors like interest group and constituency influence, agenda setting and the role of the mass media. In the text, Dye illustrates the process that occurs in the enactment of public policy. Dye’s process of policymaking contains six steps. Each part of the process is essential to understanding public policy, and each part has varying participants. The six parts of Dye’s policymaking process are problem identification, agenda setting, policy formulation, policy legitimation, policy implementation and policy evaluation. Ideally, individual citizens and groups of individual citizens bring about the problems identified in our system of government. Democratic systems are designed to meet the demands brought about by its citizen. However, it is not possible for the government to meet every demand of every citizen. On top of this, the government rarely hears the demands of ordinary citizens on a regular basis. Thus, agenda setting, or deciding what the government pays attention to, is crucial in the making of public policy. Dye defines agenda setting as â€Å"Deciding what issues will be decided and what problems will be addressed by the government†. Scarcity on the political agenda creates the need for political elites, including but not limited to the president and congress, to draw attention to certain societal problems. In terms of agenda setting, political elites have almost absolute control. The next step in the policymaking process is policy formulation. Policy formulation is the development of policy alternatives for dealing with problems on the agenda. Once a problem becomes important enough to be on the political agenda, policy alternatives are formulated to fix that pro...

How to Study Using the Basketball Review Game

How to Study Using the Basketball Review Game For most students, studying can be a real chore, which is why its important to find methods and strategies that are engaging and productive. One such method for learning and  studying  material is the basketball review game, which gets students involved as a team while allowing them to win a chance to throw a ball in a hoop. The game can be completed in one full class session. How to Play The basketball review game can be played with anything from a small group to a large classroom. You will need some basic materials to prepare the game in advance. Write at least 25 easy review questions. If youd like, you can make the questions multiple-choice, as they would be on a traditional test.Write at least 25 hard review questions. Make sure to keep mark these questions in some way so that you can distinguish them from the easy questions.Buy or make a small ball. A small foam ball or a tennis ball would be perfect, but even something as simple as a wad of paper with a few layers of masking tape around it will do.Set up the room with a (clean) garbage can in the front. This will serve as the basket.Place a piece of masking tape on the floor approximately 3 feet from the basket. This will mark one of the shooting lines.Place a piece of masking tape on the floor approximately 8 feet from the basket. This will mark the other shooting line.Divide the students into two teams.Explain that each student must answer the question given to them. Easy and hard questions will be mixed up so that students wont know until theyve answered one correctly which it is. Keep score for the questions. Easy questions are worth one point each and hard questions are worth two points each.If a student gets an easy question correct, he has a chance to shoot for an extra point. Have him shoot from the tape mark that is farthest from the basket.If a student gets a hard question correct, she has a chance to shoot for an extra point. Have her shoot from the tape mark that is closest to the basket. Tips and Variations Make sure you make it clear, especially if youre playing this game with young students, that if someone makes fun of another student, his team will lose points. While this game can be fun and engaging, it can also lead to rowdiness if the students become too competitive.If you wish, allow each student to confer with another student on their team before answering a question.To make this game even more challenging, change the scoring system so that students lose a point when they answer a question incorrectly. Alternatively, when a student answers incorrectly, you can turn the question over to the over team and allow them to score a point instead.