Free Essays on Public Policy

The process of policymaking, like most other aspects of public policy, cannot simply be understood by examining flow charts and diagrams. Traditional teaching models like How a Bill Becomes a Law fail to take into account other policy-making factors like interest group and constituency influence, agenda setting and the role of the mass media. In the text, Dye illustrates the process that occurs in the enactment of public policy. Dye’s process of policymaking contains six steps. Each part of the process is essential to understanding public policy, and each part has varying participants. The six parts of Dye’s policymaking process are problem identification, agenda setting, policy formulation, policy legitimation, policy implementation and policy evaluation. Ideally, individual citizens and groups of individual citizens bring about the problems identified in our system of government. Democratic systems are designed to meet the demands brought about by its citizen. However, it is not possible for the government to meet every demand of every citizen. On top of this, the government rarely hears the demands of ordinary citizens on a regular basis. Thus, agenda setting, or deciding what the government pays attention to, is crucial in the making of public policy. Dye defines agenda setting as â€Å"Deciding what issues will be decided and what problems will be addressed by the government†. Scarcity on the political agenda creates the need for political elites, including but not limited to the president and congress, to draw attention to certain societal problems. In terms of agenda setting, political elites have almost absolute control. The next step in the policymaking process is policy formulation. Policy formulation is the development of policy alternatives for dealing with problems on the agenda. Once a problem becomes important enough to be on the political agenda, policy alternatives are formulated to fix that pro... Free Essays on Public Policy Free Essays on Public Policy The process of policymaking, like most other aspects of public policy, cannot simply be understood by examining flow charts and diagrams. Traditional teaching models like How a Bill Becomes a Law fail to take into account other policy-making factors like interest group and constituency influence, agenda setting and the role of the mass media. In the text, Dye illustrates the process that occurs in the enactment of public policy. Dye’s process of policymaking contains six steps. Each part of the process is essential to understanding public policy, and each part has varying participants. The six parts of Dye’s policymaking process are problem identification, agenda setting, policy formulation, policy legitimation, policy implementation and policy evaluation. Ideally, individual citizens and groups of individual citizens bring about the problems identified in our system of government. Democratic systems are designed to meet the demands brought about by its citizen. However, it is not possible for the government to meet every demand of every citizen. On top of this, the government rarely hears the demands of ordinary citizens on a regular basis. Thus, agenda setting, or deciding what the government pays attention to, is crucial in the making of public policy. Dye defines agenda setting as â€Å"Deciding what issues will be decided and what problems will be addressed by the government†. Scarcity on the political agenda creates the need for political elites, including but not limited to the president and congress, to draw attention to certain societal problems. In terms of agenda setting, political elites have almost absolute control. The next step in the policymaking process is policy formulation. Policy formulation is the development of policy alternatives for dealing with problems on the agenda. Once a problem becomes important enough to be on the political agenda, policy alternatives are formulated to fix that pro...

How to Study Using the Basketball Review Game

How to Study Using the Basketball Review Game For most students, studying can be a real chore, which is why its important to find methods and strategies that are engaging and productive. One such method for learning and  studying  material is the basketball review game, which gets students involved as a team while allowing them to win a chance to throw a ball in a hoop. The game can be completed in one full class session. How to Play The basketball review game can be played with anything from a small group to a large classroom. You will need some basic materials to prepare the game in advance. Write at least 25 easy review questions. If youd like, you can make the questions multiple-choice, as they would be on a traditional test.Write at least 25 hard review questions. Make sure to keep mark these questions in some way so that you can distinguish them from the easy questions.Buy or make a small ball. A small foam ball or a tennis ball would be perfect, but even something as simple as a wad of paper with a few layers of masking tape around it will do.Set up the room with a (clean) garbage can in the front. This will serve as the basket.Place a piece of masking tape on the floor approximately 3 feet from the basket. This will mark one of the shooting lines.Place a piece of masking tape on the floor approximately 8 feet from the basket. This will mark the other shooting line.Divide the students into two teams.Explain that each student must answer the question given to them. Easy and hard questions will be mixed up so that students wont know until theyve answered one correctly which it is. Keep score for the questions. Easy questions are worth one point each and hard questions are worth two points each.If a student gets an easy question correct, he has a chance to shoot for an extra point. Have him shoot from the tape mark that is farthest from the basket.If a student gets a hard question correct, she has a chance to shoot for an extra point. Have her shoot from the tape mark that is closest to the basket. Tips and Variations Make sure you make it clear, especially if youre playing this game with young students, that if someone makes fun of another student, his team will lose points. While this game can be fun and engaging, it can also lead to rowdiness if the students become too competitive.If you wish, allow each student to confer with another student on their team before answering a question.To make this game even more challenging, change the scoring system so that students lose a point when they answer a question incorrectly. Alternatively, when a student answers incorrectly, you can turn the question over to the over team and allow them to score a point instead.

CYBER RIGHTS AND PRIVACY IN SOUTH AFRICA Thesis

CYBER RIGHTS AND PRIVACY IN SOUTH AFRICA - Thesis Example This is a privacy violation. Another privacy issue is that of electronic surveillance. Because of 9/11, this has become a hot-button issue. How wiretapping occurs, and what procedures are in place to ensure the privacy rights of all involved, are important concerns all over the world. Within the issue of surveillance is that of employer-employee surveillance, and why this is necessary for employers. This paper seeks to understand the privacy issues in South Africa and the United States, and how the laws and statutes in these countries deal with the issue of cyber privacy and electronic surveillance. Another issue that is a concern of this paper are the possible solutions to the data collection problem, concentrating on the United States as it, unlike South Africa, has refused to take substantial proactive steps in curbing the problem. Cyber privacy and electronic surveillance as paramount issues around the world, as the Internet is responsible for great criminal mischief and breaches of privacy. South Africa has an Act that will go a long way towards curbing these abuses. If this Act is successful, other countries might want to emulate it, including the United States. At any rate, nations must be proactive to address these concerns, and this paper will present a multitude of ways that this can happen. The advent of the Internet has brought lots of promise and convenience. It is difficult to imagine living without it. However, it has also brought lots of headaches and problems. The main problems deal with private information, and the fact that companies obtain this information and share it with other companies. (Bergelson, 2003, p. 387) This is a thorny problem, in that the individuals do not even know that this data is being collected, let alone with whom the data is shared. (Schwartz, 2004, p. 2078). This problem also leads to cyber breaches, in which personal information falls into the hands of criminals. (Sprague & Ciocchetti, 2009, p.

Produce a report on the case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Produce a report on the case study - Essay Example Most commonly, the above effort is delayed because of the market pressures and the appearance of problems in the internal organizational environment. Therefore, in order for a firm to secure its position in its industry it is necessary to ensure that its strategies are appropriately aligned to the market needs and that conflicts in its internal are effectively controlled. Current paper focuses on the examination of the organizational problems of Fishery Products International (FPI), a key competitor in the global fishery industry. The changes that the firm had to promote, mostly because of its transformation in 1087, from a public-sector firm to a firm of the private sector, have negatively affected its performance. Of course, the high level of the firm’s profitability, especially compared to its rivals, cannot be denied. However, it seems that the transition of the firm from the public sector to the private sector has been problematic, even if the problem was not revealed imm ediately, i.e. in 1987 when the firm entered the private sector. The ability of the firm to survive in the private sector depends on the willingness of its stakeholders to support this effort but also on the market’s conditions, which have been proved to be critical for the firm’s stability. ... ? organizational problems The history of the firm is rather short; the firm was established in 1984 through the amalgamation of three major seafood companies. However, the firms participated in the particular organization had a long presence in the particular industry, being related to the first efforts for the establishment of the fishery industry in Canada. This fact should be taken into consideration when evaluating the firm’s performance after the transformation to a legal entity of the private sector. From a first view, the performance of the firm in its industry can be characterized as satisfactory, taking into consideration the market conditions and the environmental challenges, referring especially to the limitation of the fish stock. Despite the above issues, the firm should stabilize its performance and strengthen its position in the global fishery industry in order to be able to face any potential attacks from competitors, as such attack was expressed through the â €˜unsolicited takeover bid’ (case study, p.15) against the firm by NEOS Seafoods Inc. in 1999. The firm’s key organizational problems are highlighted below; suggestions are made for their elimination and the increase of the firm’s competitiveness, so that similar events, like the takeover bid of NEOS, to be avoided in the future. 2.1 Management roles and responsibility One of the key characteristics of FPI is its leadership style. As noted above, the first established in 1984; in 1987 the firm entered the private sector, which means that for about 3 years the firm was under the control of the government. It was in 1984 when the current CEO of the firm, Vic Young, was appointed in his current position. During this period of transition, from 1984 up to 1987, it was unavoidable for the

Africa Hunger Essay Example for Free

Africa Hunger Essay Today, i am happy to come here and tell you sth about Africa Hunger. First, i have a small question for you :† have you ever had nothing in your stomach for three days? Maybe none of you here have suffer it but in sub-saharan Africa, there are a lot of people died everyday due to starvation. In this presentation, i will tell you five things you may not know about hunger in Africa. Hunger in Africa has become a huge issue over the years. There are billions of adults and children starving. The first of five factors you may not know about Africa Hunger is Climate changes and bad weather significantly affect hunger in Africa. It push more and more people into hunger. According to Climate changes and Hunger, FAO, 2009; By 2050, climate change and bad weather will have pushed another 24 millions children into hunger. Almost half of these children will live in sub-saharan Africa. Why FAO can point out this conculsion, they have analized value of the number of hungry people from 2001-2009. this climate changes factor has create the following factor. Factor number 2 is rising food prices contributes to hunger in Africa. It is affected by climate changes and economic issue. However this problem can be solved since there are a lot of foundations for victims of starvation. However Factor number 3 showing that 2 factor above has crushed this part of the world is Africa accounts for 1 quater of the hungry population. From this chart you can see that there are 102 billion people in hunger all around the world and about 642 millions in Asia – Pacific. Sub- saharan Africa hvae reach 265 millions which mean 1 quarter of the world’s hungry population. The following factor will show us how terrible hunger is? Factor number 4: Hunger kills more people than AIDS in Africa. FAO has shown that 14,6 million African died because of AIDS but it is up to 42 million hungry deaths in the near East and North Africa. Factor number 5 relating to money have point out that it only take $0,25 to feed a child in Africa. You can provide a child with all of the vitamins and nutrients, he or she need to grow up healthy with only 5200 VN Ä  per day. Food is a humand right but there are more hungry people now than at any time in history. We can fix it. By this preresentation, i just want to send you a message â€Å" plz, don’t waste your food even a piece of bread†.

Gimpel the full :: essays research papers

In almost any culture, through the study of its folklore, we are almost certain to find the story of a wise fool(Hamlet, Tom Sawyer, Claudio, Don Quixote, Van Gogh, Forest Gump). The moral of most folktales stories involves a paradox regarding the philosophical value of being dull, or pretending to be dull. So is Gimpel a fool or is he so innately wise to know that pretending to be a fool is advantageous? Let’s theorize an experiment. If we set a table in the middle of a crowded park, and place a bowl of strawberries on it with a sign â€Å"Free samples,† it won’t be long before people start to take one strawberry at a time first. Invariably several of the first samplers, will come back, and on their second approach surely they will take more than one strawberry. What this experiment would demonstrate is the curiosity of human nature, and the almost irresistible tendency to take the most advantage of a situation where the participants have nothing to risk. So, in Gimpel’s predicament, we was declared by the villagers’ general consensus to be someone easy to take advantage of( a fool?). It was also a general consensus to place a prank on him, ever better and more confusing than the last one. The point I am trying to get across is that Gimpel was a gullible, sensible person, not a fool (the strawberry). It was probably the surrounding of his upbringing; the lack of parental guidance; or just a resolute spirit not to blurt his vision of honesty with the mundane trifles that made him so docile. He understood early in life his karma, and decided to go along with it. The villain here is the rest of the world; even the Rabbi leant on him. There was no a single person who came to his defense. He was the village’s unwilling jester. They wanted to ridicule him as much as possible, or to laugh at him if someone else did the same.

Mike and Marty Scanlon Essay

People often have difficulty believing that Mike and Marty Scanlon are brothers, let alone twins. The two men bear a resemblance, but the similarity ends there. Marty Scanlon was always a quiet, well-behaved child. He excelled in all his academic subjects throughout his school years, although he was shy and had few friends. Marty would always be polite to people, but he generally preferred to keep to himself. After college, Marty became a successful network administrator for a large financial company and married his longtime girlfriend. A dedicated family man, Marty spends most of his free time doing home improvement projects and looking after his two children. Mike Scanlon, on the other hand, could never be described as shy. He was the student that teachers dreaded having in their classroom: boisterous, unruly, and indifferent to authority. Mike had many brushes with the law throughout his high school years, for crimes ranging from vandalism to public drunkenness. Mike dropped out o f high school to take a job as an oil-change technician at a local garage; he spends most of free time and money at local bars- at least the ones that haven’t banned him for starting fights. Mike’s current legal trouble surrounds two of his ex-girlfriends, who are independently taking him to court for child support. Mike is unfazed, however; he laughs with his friends that they’ll never get a dime from him. 1. How would Freud explain the personality differences between Mike and Marty? 2. How would you rate Mike and Marty on the Big Five personality traits? 3. Given that Mike and Marty are twins and share some of their genetic makeup, how would you explain the pronounced differences in their personalities? What role, if any, does temperament seem to be playing? 4. Which of the two brothers seems more likely to be achieving self-actualization, and why do you think so? 5. Do Mike and Marty appear to have different levels of intelligence, or do they show intelligence in different ways? Why do you think so?

What is reactive patrol

What is reactive patrol? How does reactive patrol differ from proactive patrol? What would happen of policing agencies adopted only one of these patrol styles? Reactive patrol is when police officers respond to public calls or to a crime that has already occurred. Reactive patrol provides help to ensure that calls are responded to in an efficient and timely manner. Reactive patrol also involves the follow-up investigations required to get additional information to prosecute.It has the advantages that the public operate openly and in response to real public emands and with the consent of the public. Reactive patrol is more of a traditional style of policing. It consists of police waiting for crime and then going to the scene to try apprehends suspects. On the other hand, proactive patrol tries to prevent the crimes from happening in the first place. For example, Reactive patrol- an officer can respond to a violent crime or an armed robbery, and could be the first to arrive and my invo lved in a confrontation with the criminal.While proactive patrols, officers heck businesses at nightly on a regularly basis, and notify businesses owners once doors are found unlocked or other safety problems greatly reduces the chance that the businesses will be burglarized. Armed robberies, violent crimes, bike patrols in crowded pedestrian areas, night-time business checks; are all parts of the reactive and proactive patrol. If police agencies adopted only one of these patrol styles. It would be harder to have police discretion. Police officer would never be able to stop crime before it happen, without reactive and proactive patrol.

Early Psychology essays

Early Psychology essays Wilhelm Wundt founded Structuralism during the late 19th century to the early 20th century. Structuralism is the earliest approach in modern psychology with its goal to analyze the basic elements of conscious experience (Davis participants reported the contents of their conscious experience (Davis study of higher mental processes, such as thinking, knowing, and deciding (Davis Functionalism was developed in the United States during the late 1800s; which is the approach to psychology that focused on the purposes of consciousness (Davis This form of psychology was noted for emphasizing that perception of a whole differs from that of the individual stimuli that make up the whole (Davis hler, and Kurt Koffka. These doctors began their study in Germany (Davis w ...

Double Comparatives in the English Language

Double Comparatives in the English Language Double comparatives are phrases commonly used in English to express increasing or decreasing returns. Double comparatives are often employed to underline the importance of doing or not doing a certain activity. Here are some examples of double comparatives: The more you study, the more you learn.The more time you take, the better the assignment your turn in.The less money I spend, the less I have to worry about saving.The less you worry about the others, the less they will bother you. Using Double Comparatives As you can see from these examples, the format of double comparatives is as follows: The (more / less) (noun / noun phrase) subject verb , the (more / less) (noun) subject verb Double comparatives with more and less can be used with  adjectives in the same way. In this case, the structure places the comparative adjective first: The comparative adjective (noun) subject verb, the comparative adjective   it is infinitive The easier the test is, the longer students will wait to prepare.The faster the car is, the more dangerous it is to drive.The crazier the idea is, the more fun it is to try.The more difficult the task is, the sweeter it is to succeed. These forms can be mixed up as well. For example, a double comparative might begin with a more / less plus a subject and then end in a comparative adjective plus the subject. The more money and time he spends with her, the happier he becomes.The less Mary thinks about the problem, the more relaxed she feels.The more the students study for the test, the higher their scores will be. You can also  reverse the above by beginning with a comparative adjective and ending with more / less plus a subject and verb or noun, subject and verb. The richer the person is, the more privilege he enjoys.The happier the child is, the more the mom can relax.The more dangerous the amusement park ride is, the less management worries about making a profit. Double comparatives are often shortened in spoken English, especially when used as a cliche. Here are some examples of typical cliches using double comparatives. The more the merriermeans...The more people there are, the merrier everyone will be. Double comparatives can also be turned into commands in the imperative form when recommending certain actions: Study more, learn more.Play less, study more.Work more, save more.Think harder, get smarter. Double Comparatives Incorrect Usage The use of the term double comparative also applies to the incorrect use of two comparative forms together. Here are some examples: This wine is more tastier than that bottle.She is more funnier than Tom is.Alexander is more taller than Franklin. In this case, more is not required as the comparative adjective form has been modified by the addition of -ier. Double Comparatives to Show Change Finally, double comparatives are also used to show a continual increase or decrease. There are more and more people coming to this vacation spot.It seems like there is less and less time to spend with the family these days.Recently, people are finding more and more time to spend with their families. Practice Double Comparatives Use the following sentence segments to create double comparatives (the good kind) of your own. people / come / party , food / we / needdifficult / test , students / studynice / customer service representative / happy / customerhigh-tech / car , expensive / modelfull / church , good / pastorfunny / comic , sales / cd / havesevere / judge , harsh /sentenceexperienced / technician , satisfying / repairlong / play , bored / audiencemoney / spend , money / save Possible Answers Here are some possible answers for the exercise. The more people that come to the party, the more food we will need.The more difficult the test is, the more students should study.The nicer the customer service representative is, the happier the customer will be.  The more high-tech the car is, the more expensive the modal will cost.  The fuller the church is, the better the pastor is.The funnier the comic is, the better sales the CD will have.The more severe the judge, the harsher the sentence will be.The more experienced the technician is, the more satisfying the repair will be.The longer the play lasts, the more bored the audience becomes.The more money you spend, the less money you save.

Strategic ManagementProvide a strategic analysis of Marks and Spencer Essay

Strategic ManagementProvide a strategic analysis of Marks and Spencer and make recommendations for its future development and direction - Essay Example Their finance division is currently tiny, but growing rapidly. 300 out of 379 stores are in the UK; their European stores are run as franchises; they also have US subsidiaries under different names. They sell 35% of the UK lingerie market, 25% of men's suits, and 50% of chilled ready meals. For more than half a century Marks & Spencer was the epitome of enlightened capitalism, dominating the British high street and providing shoppers with quality and value clothing unrivalled by competitors. Then in November 1998, profits began to fall and an attempted boardroom coup rocked the company to its core as a tale of ambition, treachery and incompetence unfolded. Within a few months the Press declared open season on what had been its favourite retailer and suddenly the company that had been unable to do any wrong, could do no right. New management and armies of consultants have worked frantically to reverse the trend and in the autumn of 2001, George Davies the creator of Next, launched a new range of fashionable clothes to tempt shoppers back. Whether or not he succeeds, Marks & Spencer may never regain its former status. Organization culture: It is the 'basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic taken-for granted fashion an organization's view of itself and its environment'. Such taken-for-granted assumption are also likely to exist at the organizational level-the organizational paradigm-and can be especially important as an influence on the development of organizational strategy. The 80's saw a massive growth of interest in culture and symbolism in organisations by practitioners as well as academics. Culture and symbolism is about meaning and imagery. They are terms used to highlight the softer' features of organisation. The patterning of action within organisation is treated as a web of meanings and symbols rather than as a hard' structure or system. The key to both understanding organisations and to controlling organisations is seen to lie in their analysis as cultures (e.g. values, myths, ceremonies, etc.). The explanation of why people act as they do may lie not in a combination of "objective" and "subjective" factors, but in a network of meanings which constitute a "world taken for granted" (Schutz, (1964) by the participants. Indeed, "objective" factors, such as technology and market structure, are literally meaningful only in terms of the sense that is attached to them by those who are concerned and the end to which they are related... Organisations do not react to their environment, their members do. People act in terms of their own and not the observer's definition of the situation' (Silverman's, 1970) A key for sustainability of all organization is to change and evolve continuously to match with its environment out side its window in which it operates. Until the late 1990s M&S have been very successful. It worked to achieve this esteem by applying a structured formula to all its operations and maintained it by establishing a set of fundamental principles, which were held as core to the organization and used in all of its business activities since its birth. Their paradigm help them in the past but the same paradigm didn't worked in the