The Internet Gaming Phenomenon Essay Example for Free

The Internet Gaming Phenomenon EssayThe internet gaming phenomenon that has taken the valet by storm was originally based on Role Playing Games that were simply played on board games. As computers began to develop and the internet began to emerge, to a greater extent and more than games were created that allowed players from all over the world to congregate online and play against or with each other in what has at a time been called the Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game. When the national knowledge Foundation Network eased the restrictions on internet gaming, a host of new games entered the market and became available for the players. Soon enough games flooded the market and the MMORPG had now become the most popular type of computer games. The world of MMORPG gaming has become so popular in fact that it has even created its own prudence that is based on the virtual items that are available online but the payment is made through real money in the real world. Th e MMORPG has blurred the feature between the virtual economy and the real world economy and in the present these two economies are even directly linked much(prenominal) as the case of Entropia Universe, which allows for real money to be converted to game money. While certain gaming universes have outlawed the trading of virtual items for real money, the popularity and matched nature of the MMORPG has ensured that there will always be a market for these item, whether illegal or not. It has become so popular that even online auction sites such as ebay have featured virtual items among their listings while other websites have opened that cater specifically to virtual item sales. As these games become more popular, it remains to be seen whether or not this virtual economy will continue. One thing is sure, however, the MMORPG realm has hooked millions of people of all ages around the world and will only continue to grow and may soon surpass gambling as the most addictive hobby in the world.ReferencesAdams, David (January 7, 2004). Final reverie XI Hits Subscriber Milestone. IGN.com. Retrieved on 2007-01-30.Castronova, Edward. Synthetic Worlds The Business and Culture of Online Games. ISBN 0-226-09626-2, University Of Chicago PressNardi, Harris (2006), Strangers and Friends Collaborative Play in World of Warcraft, Proceedings of the 2006 20th day of remembrance conference on Computer supported cooperative work

Action Potential and Receptor Olfactory Receptor Essay Example for Free

Action Potential and Receptor Olfactory Receptor EssayYou scored 100% by answering 4 bring out of 4 questions correctly. 1. Assuming that the resting potential of a sensory neuron is -70 mV, which of the following represents a depolarization? You correctly answered c. a change to -60 mV 2. Which of the following is a sensory modality (type of sense)? You correctly answered e. all of the above 3. Which of the following is a sensory stimulus? You correctly answered d. all of the above 4.Which of the following is true of the answer of a sensory neuron to the appropriate sensory stimulus? You correctly answered c. both a and b 010/27/13 page 1 look into Results Predict Question Predict Question 1 The adequate stimulus for a Pacinian subatomic particle is pressure or vibration on the skin. Which of the following modalities will induce the largest amplitude receptor potential in the Pacinian corpuscle Your answer c. moderate-intensity pressurePredict Question 2 The adequate stimu li for olfactory receptors are chemicals, typically odorant molecules. Which of the following modalities will induce the largest amplitude receptor potential in the olfactory receptor? Your answer a. moderate-intensity chemical Stop Think Questions Why didnt the Pacinian corpuscle respond to high-intensity light? You correctly answered b. Light-transducing proteins are not present in the Pacinian corpuscle. Judging from these results, does light have a smell?

The enhancing effects of music on happiness

The enhancing effects of symphony on happi mantleThis thesis examines the enhancing effects of medicament on pleasure.Music is the purest pulp of art. It freighter be said that it has an impact on al approximately everyone. Certain pieces of medicinal drug befool a relaxing effect, small-arm others stimulate us to act, and some ca track downout change in or emphasize our mood. This work specifically concentrates on how listening to divergent kinds of melody heap increase the direct of merriment and the factors associated with it.Defining MusicThe word unison basically comes from the Grecian word mousike meaning art of the m mappings.As generally percieved, harmony is one of the fine humanities which is concerned with the combinition of sounds with beauty of form and the expression of thought or feeling.It stop be specify as vocal or performeral sounds having some peak of rhythm, melody and harmony. harmonise to the Australian Oxford mental lexicon (2004), medi cament is the art of cartel vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) to produce beauty of form,harmony and expression of emotion. The Collins dictionary (2000) relates medicinal drug as an art form consisting of sequences of sounds in time, especially tones of definite pitch traind melodically, harmonically,rhythmically and harmonise to color. Music is also known as, the art of combining sounds so as to please the ear (Chambers dictionary,1987) .Music is also viewed as an art that is difficult to tie down . According to Wikipedia , the commentary of music varies according to culture and social context. The artists may view music as a performing art, a fine art, and an auditory art .William Sheakspeargon has defined it as as the food of soul.Humanistic psychologists view music as a means of self fulfillment,integration and self actualiztion.For existentialists it is another department of choice and freedom. Music in any form has a universal appeal, worry an international languag e,it is understood and spoken everywhere,and its charm and penetrating power set upnot be denied.(Malik, M.S., 1983).Components of MusicAccording to a physicists point of view, music consists of a set of a set of sounds with particular frequencies, amplitudes, and timbres which atomic number 18 organized into highly predictable patterns. The social and cultural meanings by lot turn these sounds into music (Hargreaves, D. J and North, A. C., 2000).The components of music are,Musical note is a single sound of definite pitch and duration which can be identified in writing.Rhythm, is the collection of sounds in time, this arrangement is a complex arrangement of notes into a mixture of short and long durations within a single bar or a series of exclude. Regular pulse groupings are cal conduct bars or measures. Rhythm is one of the most central features of many styles of music, especially jazz and hip-hop (Lerdahl Jackendoff, 1983).Scale, is a progression of notes in an ascending or descending order.Melody or tune assembles a series of notes into recognizable musical shapes. The notes of a melody are created with respect to pitch systems such as scales. A melody usually though not necessarily possesses rhythm. The rhythm of a melody is often base on the tones of language, the physical rhythms of dance or just periodic beatings. (Narveson, 1984).The beat of a piece of music is its regular pulse, determined by the bar lines by which music are metrically determined.Pitch, is the height or depth of a note in relation to other notes or in relation to an secure pitch. The absolute pitch has internationally been set at A=400 Hz that is, the A above the middle c has a frequency of 440 cycles or vibrations per second. Pitch is determined by the sounds frequency of vibration. The process of assigning note names to pitches is called tuning. The difference in frequency between two pitches is called an interval. The interval indicates any the doubling or halving of the base frequency. (Machlis Kristine, 2007)Harmony is the study of vertical sonorities in music. A vertical sonority refers to considering the dealingship between pitches that are together. Harmony can also be implied by melodies that outline a harmonic structure. A larger structure involving multiple pitches is called a chord (Darmschroder Williams, 1990).Harmony in music can be analyzed done Roman numeral system. A system of chord symbols is used in popular and jazz music. (Friberg, 1991).Musical metric grain is the boilersuit sound of a piece of music .It is described as the number of parts or lines and their relationship. The perceived texture of a musical piece can be affected by the interval between each musical line, the timbre of instruments or the number of instruments used. Monophony, homophony and polyphone include musical textures. Monophony is the texture of a melody. The texture of homophony is achieved when a melody is accompanied by chords. The melody in homophony is usually voiced in high notes. Polyphony consists of several concurrent melodies of equal importance (Temperly, 2001). Form, is a feature of musical theory that explores the concept of musical syntax, on a local and global level. The syntax is often ex perspicuoused in terms of phrases and periods or sections or genre respectively. (Juslin, 2003).1.1.2 Musical InstrumentsThe earliest and largest collection of prehistoric musical instruments was imbed in China and dates back to between 7000 and 6600 BC. (Wikipedia).People of different cultures stupefy real musical instruments of their own distictive fashion,the sounds of these instruments thus,affect different prople differently.Some distict musical instruments are,Sitar, it has been the king of indian court music since 14th century. It is the modification of an earlier instrument,the Keena.The sitar is made of teak,jackwood and a seasoned bottle gourd.Its neck towers above the players head while it is played.It mainly has six or seven playing strings running above the feet and below them, a dozen or so sympathetic strings,that set up a steady running echo.The sitar is played with a wireplectrum worn on the right fingers breadth of the sitarist.The sitar music is a world in itself.Learning to play the instrument with proficiency needs ten or twelve years of intensive study(Bhattacharya, McDonald Carter,2008).Rebab, is the name for different Arabic bow string instruments pitch in Islamic countries. They occur usually with three strings in various shapes like elongated boats, trapezoid rectangles and so forth The Rebab was both carried eastwards and westwards with the spread of Islam (Kartomi, 1990).Guitar is a string instrument, originally brought to Spain by the moors in the middle ages. It has a flat back. The youthful instrument has six strings. The guitar is a popular instrument used to provide a simple choral accomplishment to a dance or a song.Flute, is a cylindrical tube closed at the upper e nd where these is a side hole, though which the player bows air and makes the internal air column vibrate. The modern flute was largely developed by T.Bohm, he made it possible to pierce finger-holes in correct positions. The flute did not come into general use in chamber and orchestral music until 18th century (Taylor, 1992).Saxophones are classified as members of the single reed family. Saxophone was invented in closely 1840 by Adolph Sax, a Belgian instrument maker. Saxophones are regular members of dance bands military bands and are also used to play distinctive solo in orchestral work. The sound of the saxophone is extremely variable. Its timbre being intermediate between wood and brass, it passes from the softness of flute over the broad, mellow tone of cells to the metallic expertness of the coronet (Ingham, 1998).Drum, is the generic name for instruments consisting of skin stretched over a frame or vessel and struck with the hands or a sticks. The drum was introduced in th e western sandwich world through Greece (Kinnear, 1985).Tabla, is a subject of an oriental drum. It exists in different forms. The Indian table is a single headed drum resembling a small tympano, having a similar sound. The Arabic tabla is beaten by the hands and the tone is much drier than that of the Indian instrument (Holroyde, 1972).Xylophone is a set of tuned wooden bars beaten with sticks. The bars usually rest in a frame and are arranged in order of pitch. Most xylophones are provided with resonators, either in the form of a cradle shaped box under the bars, or in the form of a separate gourd for each bar gourd for each bar. When playing the xylophone, the player uses mallets of various weights and hardness according to the quality of tone required.( Nettl Bruno ,1956).Piano, Classicism is the hugeest and the best known period of piano music. The piano player uses a flexible system of levers connected by four joints, knuckles, wrist, elbow and shoulders. It can also be pl ayed by placing the finger on the observe and raising the arm slightly in a relaxed action. Piano is a mechanical instrument through which the notes are produced by the strike of keys (Krumhansl, 1997).Violin is the most important of the stringed instruments in the orchestra as advantageously as in chamber and solo music. Its main parts are the, body consisting of label sound board, back and ribs (sidewalks), the finger board, string holder, the bridge. The violin provides expressiveness ranging from soft lyricism to extreme dramatic excitement and a sensitive timbre (Cremer, 1984).Harmonium is a keyboard instrument that sounds by means of thin metal tongues being set in vibration by a steady current of air which is provided by a equate of pedal operated bellows. The metal tongues act as free reeds. Modern harmonium can produce expressive graduations of sounds by means of the expression stop. The harmonium was developed in the 19th century from a number of experimental instrument s (Encyclopdia Britannica (11th Ed.), 1911).Types of MusicThe aim of all music is to touch the core of the total and thus music can be called an expression of our cheeks sayings. Different types of music help in soothing ones disturbed soul, in the growth of concentration and also recommend us up to live life to the fullest. there are various types of music as people have different tastes i.e., classical music, rock, hip-hop, folk, opera, mystical etc. The objective behind listening to music remains the same.Classical music is a complex form of music as it requires high musical skills like learning the ragas and ability to coordinate with other musicians .The one who wants to learn, he/she has to go through proper training in this field of music (Bhattacharyya, 2008).Rock music, originated in the rock n roll era of 1950s. The singers are accompanied by a guitar, bass and drum. Certain rock groups use pianos, saxophones, flute, mandolin and sitar for a deeper effect. This type o f music has several subtypes such as hard rock, progressive rock and metal rock. All these types of rock music are popular to date.(Warren , Romanowski Parles ,2001).Hip-hop (Pop-Music) music evermore includes the use of instruments such as guitar, violin, fiddle, piano, bass and drums. In these types of music, the bass is the main instrument. This can be used in different intensities to emote feelings of anger, pride and others. This type of music is the result of hip-hop culture and is known as hip-hop music. This music shows a heavy form of Jamaican music. The roots of the music are found in African American and West African music. (Light, 1999).Folk music is a kind of traditional music that is handed down from generations in every culture. Folk music shows the social upheaval that lies among various classes of people. This also portrays their struggle for survival and their culture (Bhattacharyya, 2008).The term can be applied to music that has been evolved from rudimentary b eginnings by a community uninfluenced by popular and art music and it can likewise be applied to music which has originated with an single(a) composer and has subsequently been absorbed into the unwritten living tradition of a community. It is the re-fashioning and re-creation of the music by the community that gives it a folk character (Lloyd, 1975).Opera music first emerged in Italy in the 17th century. This genre of music a remarkable combination of theatrical art and musical inventions and is specifically played in theatres. This has greater demand for its amusing orchestral supplements. The introduction and interval of this music set the tone for the action on stage. (Grout Williams, 2003).Mystical music Music is an volley of the soul.Mystic music includes spacious, contemplative, heartfelt, trance inducing and psychedelic sounds in such genres as space music, electronic, ambient, visionary, acoustic, world fusion, classical, neo-classical, and even some progressive rock a m ix of entrancing drones, structures, and rhythms. Mystic music extends from Bach to rock. Mystic music is that kind of sonorous sound experience that lifts and awakens you above normal consciousness, even if completely for a few moments. If you listen sensitively, it puts you in touch with your most special memories and forgotten dreams. It is relaxing and good for your plants (and your body too not to mention your bear in mind, heart and soul). Mystic music remains true to the original purpose of music to help us contact the spiritual dimensions of life and reveal the secret to us and to, keep the spirit alive (Nasr, 1997)1.1.4 Effects of MusicMusic holds a very significant position in our lives since the beginning.From the early beginning to the present day,interest in music with reference to meliorate and therapeautic experiece has sustained (Bartlett ,1996) The qualities of music were known even in earliest times. Evidence suggests that dance and song preceded speech. Researc hers have found that about two-thirds of the midland ears cilia resonate only at the higher frequencies that are commonly found in music (3,000 20,000 Hz). This seems to indicate that primitive humans communicated primarily through song or tone.India has one of the oldest musical traditions in the world, references to Indian classical music (marga) can be found in the ancient scriptures of the Hindu tradition, the Vedas (Wikipedia).There are references to the divine alliance of music and medicine in classical antiquity and the healing function of much among primitive people (Schullian and Schoen,1948). Recent work on music has confirmed the effectiveness of music too. This is of the fact that music can trigger Endorphins in human body that help the mind in creating sound images,allowing people to escape into a painless worlds sheltered by their imaginations. Music can fixture up or slow,regularize or disturb our heart beat,relax or tense the nerves,can affect digestion,respiratio n and blood pressure(Tame,1984)Ansdell(1995) says that we make and experience music because or body is made up of cells,organs,and muscles that have pulses and tones,tensions and resolutions of the tensions.Emotions share with music the qualities of speed force attack and intensity.It has also been suggested that music could be a powerful tool to use within neuro-disability and the structure of music can help organize and retrieve information. (Taylor, 1992). In many instances it has been found that people with brain related problems were able to function in better ways while being loose to music. (Erdonmez, 1993 Nordoff Robbins, 1997). Mc Carty (1999) described how music could reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions in healthy as well as clinically ill people. In the words of Janet Towell(2000), Music can soothe the soul, excite the emotions and provide a sense of cultural identity. Music can decrease pain and picture while increasing mood and self esteem. A stud y showed that tempo affected arousal while mode of the music affected the mood (Husain, Thompson Schelenburg, 2002).Well ness is a product of healthy body, mind, spirit interactions, and, as a result music can an important asset in creating the appropriate environment for persons healing (Stewart, 1990).Musics appeal to us is primarily stirred up and psychological. Music has been noted for its ability to enhance peoples moods, function them to tears, make them want to rejoice or just move them steamyly in both negative and positive ways (Goldstein, A, 1980). Radocy and Boyle(1979) suggest that there are eight types of emotive responses to music.Some of these relate to an innate sensory cognizance of the sound while others are associted with images,experiences and emotional context of these experiences.These responses may include simple feelingsnegative and positive organic feelinsmoral religious feelings and emotions and tempraments.Because of this entity,music often can help p eople in confronting issues which they have not dealt earlier in their lives.This is because of the association between the events of our past with the particular piece of music (Bright ,1993Levine , 1999Ortiz ,1997).Stewart(1990) believes that music is an affective therapeutic agent under the right circumstances as it can allign patterns of emotion,structures of conciousness and /or psychic energy (P.62).It does not appeal to logic and rarely meets with bright resistence to iniciate its actions(Guzzetta , 1995).Music can help us to initiate psychological movement by modifying our mental states and cuing us towards more positive affirmations such as sad to cheerfull,discouraged to hopefull,or plain to peaceful.Music has an essential ability to create another world of virtual time(Blaking,1990).Menuhin(1972) reveals furthur that Music creates order out of chaos, for rhythm imposes unanimity upon the divergent ,melody imposes continuity among the disjointed,and harmony imposes compat ibility among the incongruous.Listening to music can create and expand out internal space where we can retreat from the norms and the reality of the world.This is achieved by creating an internal imaginative world of sound which is lavish in symbolism and personal meaning,and allowing us to revisit the emotional context of particular memories(Bunt,1996).According to Sloboda(1989) ,the reason most of us take part in musical activities is that music is capable of arousing in us deep and significant emotions.These emotions range from the aeshetic delight in sound construction,through emtions such as joy or sorrow which music sometimes enhances to simple relief from boredom of depression.The music itself cannot have extra musical meaning unless the experience to which it refers already exists in the mind of the listener.When music has similar connections with human life,then it can make people more aware of feelings they experienced by intensifying the emotions.Particular music can hel p in moving painful memories or the unresolved issues in life .Stor(1992) also refers this arousal as being a condition of heightned alertness,awareness,interest and excitement.He also believes that apart from the relations between seeing an emotional arousal,the relation between hearing and emotional arousal is stronger.Campball(1992), observed that when we communcate with the emotional centres of our being such as through the use of music,we can better reduce stress and achieve a sense of welbeing.Music can also help in achieving peace and relaxation (Ortiz ,1997). Diamond (1979) suggests that music can be an important part of primary preventative health care at a psychosocial level. Bunt(1996) shows that how music can be used to help oneself people in realizing their feelings, going beyond their everyday experiences, resolving hurts and pain and appraising significant live events. Music can also evoke memories of the emotional context of past events and times and aid people to e xplore issues for a different angle and retrieving events and emotions. Music evokes not only the memories of past time tho also the emotional context of those times(Bunt,1997).It has been reported that music is an activity that the healthy impaired talented and interested enjoy, because it provides them with a relief from their stress ,anxiety, depression and mourning(Blacking,1995).Music united with personal attention and care of other people, can provide gratification and restore a sense of worth to people who may be experiencing depression or low self-esteem (Crystal, Grober Masur,1989).According to Spingte (1998), music is the most intense means of emotional communication. In view of Hallan, S Price, J. (1998), calming music led to better participant performance on arithmetic and memory tasks. Music can align patterns of emotions, structures of consciousness and / or psychic energy (Stewart, 1990).Thus, music has great influences on a listener. It can take the mind and body to do spontaneous things whether they are good or bad. Depending on the type of music and the inner message it has, music can influence a person and his/her actions (Cassidy, 2008).HappinessThere has been a surge of interest in Positive Psychology during the give way quarter of this century. There has been a huge amount of interest and research on felicitousness, wellbeing and satisfaction among all positive fields (Diener 1995).The classic definition of happiness by Jeremy Bentham(1800s) is that happiness is the sum of pleasures and pains.Happinessis a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, love, satisfaction, pleasure, orjoy.It is a positive emotional state that is defined by every person on a indwelling level. The term subjective well-being is used as a synonym for happiness. Happiness is defined as an overall appraisal of life, where the good and the bad is balanced (Diener Scolon, 2003). Happiness in this older sense was used to translate the Greek Eudemonia , and is still used in virtue ethics.(Wikipedia).Happiness is a belief about yourself and the outside world. You can be doing something you normally experience as gratifying but not be happy. Pleasure is born from the external world happiness is born from the internal workings of our own minds. Martin Seligman,( 2002) one of the founders of positive psychology, describes happiness as consisting of positive emotions and positive activities. He categorizes emotions related to the past, present and future. Positive emotions relating to the past include satisfaction, contentment, pride and serenity. Positive emotions relating to the future include optimism, hope and trust.Veenhoven (1997) has defined happiness or subjective well-being as the degree to which one judges the quality of his life favorably. According to Schwartz and Strack (1999), even very minor incidents in life can affect the level of happiness.The findings of a Pakistani research have shown that number of happy people is more than that of unhappy people and that the east people have higher levels of happiness than western people. Work satisfaction, social support, religious affiliation, social class, income level, and marital status and satisfaction were found to be predictors of happiness (Suhail, Chaudary, 2004).Individual differences in the levels of happiness also have significance.Theories of happinessThe theories of happiness have been divided into three types,Need/goal satisfaction theories,Process/activity theories, inheritable/personality predisposition theories (Diener et al, 2002).Psychoanalytic and humanistic theorists believed that reduction in tension and satisfaction of needs lead to the achievement of happiness. It was theorized that people were happy as they had achieved their goals. (Compton, 2005).According to the process/activity theorists, participating in activities generates happiness. Csikszentmihalyi (1990) proposed that people who indulge in interesting and challenging a ctivities, and thus experience the feelings of flow, are happier. Emmons (1986) has also emphasized how engage goals generates happiness.The genetic/personality theorists view happiness as a stable construct. A Research by Costa and McCrae (1986) proved that happiness is based on personality and genetics.Lucas (1996) also found in a research that personality traits were closely related to happiness.Keyes and Lopez (1995) presented another model of happiness. They defined happiness as a complete state of mental health while combining many principles of pleasure. They defined emotional happiness as the presence of positive affect and life satisfaction with the absence of negative affect. Social happiness was achieved by incorporating acceptance, actualization, contribution, coherence and integration. However, self acceptance, personal growth, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy and positive relations with others were the components of achieving psychological well-being,M ost of recent researches agree with idea of happiness being a combination of psychological, emotional, and physical well-being.Causes of HappinessSex No significant differences have been seen between the levels of happiness of men and women (Nolen-Hoeksema Rusting, 1999).In a study by Wood,Rhodes Whelan (1989), it was found that women report slightly higher levels of happiness. Fujita, Diener Sandvick (1991) also reported that women showed greater capacity for joy. Shayam and Yadev (2006) found that elderly men scored higher on well-being as compared to elderly women. However the impact of gender accounts for only 1 percent of variability in happiness in people.Finances Financial status is related to happiness, however with an increase the effect diminishes (Diener, 1997).Diener (1995) found that positive correlations existed between the GDP and subjective well being of fifty five nations. According to Keely,(2000) increase in income does not lead to increase in happiness.Most peo ple are happy regardless of their substantial wealth(Diener , 1996).Marital status Research has shown that married people are happier as compared to unmarried, divorced, separated or widowed people. Shields Wooden (2003) found that married women and men were systematically happier than unmarried men and women.Education Education has greater affect on the happiness levels of people with lower incomes (Campbell, 1976).Education appears to have only small direct influence on happiness.Culture Diener Lucas (1999) found that some nations appear to be more emotional than other nations. It was found that people in individualistic cultures had higher subjective well-being as compared to collectivistic cultures. (Ball, 2001).Health Physical health is strongly related to levels of happiness. If one is physically healthy he/she would have higher levels of happiness as compared to a person who is sick. According to physicians, Brief, Butcher, George Link (1993) a strong correlation exists between subjective well-being and health.Religion Many researches support that people who are religious tend to be happier. Studies have found that engagement in religious activities is significantly related to higher well-being (Donahue Benson, 1995).James Peacock and Margret Poloma (1999) found that ones perceived closeness to God was a very strong predictor of happiness.Life Events The number of positive events correlate with positive affect at .33 in people whereas, the average intensity of positive affect when subjects were feeling happy correlated with happiness at .25 (Schimmack, Diener Oishi 2002).Happiness correlate with a number of friends and the relationships with them (Diener Lucas, 1999).Peak experiences however have been found to be due to religion music or other intense activities.Thus, immense research has been done on the effects of music on physical as well as mental health which has shown promising results.

Impact of Spanish Civil War on Surrealism Art

Impact of Spanish Civil state of state of contend on Surrealism ArtThis investigation assesses the significance of surrealist cunningists responses to the Spanish Civil warfarefare and how the experiences of the horrific event were attested visu on the wholey. In order to evaluate such significance, this investigation examines the impact the events the war had on surrealist stratagem in Spain, through the implement of primary recounts of the wars impact on art and optic art history, intimatelyly focusing on works by Salvador dal and Pablo Picasso who became world renowned for their contribution.The Spanish Civil War stone-broke out in the summer of 1936, as did the revolution deep down surrealist art. It was an event that did non just affect people locally, but on an international scale. Although, European art in general was impacted by the war, this investigation impart not examine the effect the war had on continental surrealism, thus will only focus on Spanish artist s and their work. As the leading artists in this movement were the Spanish born artists Picasso and decalitrei, they will be the central focus.Two of the roots apply in this essay will assess are Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War by Robin Adle Greenley and The Secret Life of Salvador Dal by Salvador Dal will be evaluated for their origins, purposes, values and limitations.This investigation does not assess the difference in ideologies (Republicanism versus Nationalism) tearing apart Spain, nor does it assess some other surrealist art movements in literature, philosophy, film, architecture or music.Background on the Spanish Civil WarThe summer of 1936 marked the beginning of a landmark event within modern European history the Spanish Civil War, inviting with it a three-year tumultuous period of terror, destruction and persecution, shattering the nation. Its deep rooting ideological confrontations resulted in the main(prenominal) commitment of all its participants and the loss of over half a million Spanish lives acted as a stimulus to the various international surrealist movements of the cartridge clip, inspiring artists of all cultures. The creative energy focused on portraying semi policy-making ideologies and illusions, the social capricelisms and the military take on modern warfare, documenting the hopes and despair of the participants in this Kafkaesque war.The glisten of the crumbling Spanish Monarchy and the dissatisfying Second Republic, and the electoral success of the leftist Popular breast, a rebellion against the newly elected government erupted. The Falange or the Nationalists, lead by widely distributed Franco, conducted a nationwide revolt, alongside General Mola. They managed to seize the key cities in Northern Spain, including Madrid. The Catalan and Basque country, both know for their persistent separatist movement, anarchism and socialism, unsurprisingly sided and remained loyal to the Republic. This politically polarized Spain, dividing the country into the Nationalist and Republicans.Mostly socialists, separatists, artists and intellectuals sided with Republicans. Franco wanted to follow Mussolinis example and establish a secular conservative regime and was supported mostly by the conservatives, the military, the royalists and the Clergy. til now though the Church and the Falange experienced some friction, they continued to remain in their marriage of convince because the Republic was seen as antidisestablishmentarian and lethally temporal. The Nationalists rose against the electoral Popular Front government and finally over threw it.The interferences from external powers such as Germany and the Soviet Union dragged out the war and worsened the conflict. Horrific events which paralyzed the country, such as the annihilation of the Basque country by the German Luftwaffes Blitzkrieg, served as intake which sparked the notion of a world exhibition in France, in 1937. The section dedicated to Spain was know n was the Pavilion. Many artists, such as Dali, Picasso and Renau were asked to participate each created a response to the many atrocities which occurred in the past year of the war. It was the first exhibition of its kind, prompting propaganda from countries such as Spain.Surrealism and the Spanish Civil WarSurrealism, with no exact definition due to its ambiguous nature, is known for imaginative eccentricity and became a major movement in the late 1920s and throughout 1930s Europe mostly in places like Germany and Spain. The twisted yet fantastic truth which surrealism creates is seen as an escape from the actual reality. Surrealist artist art is considered to be closely connected with Freudian psychological analysis, claiming that such warped art is an insight into a deeper psyche.The surrealist works of the Andalusian painters Dal and Picasso (amongst others) became signatures of the satiric content of the war, acting as world informants of the paralyzing happenings within th e country. Although both artists had very different notions of surrealism, both artists depict the war in a grotesque, incomprehensible, untrained and audacious manner which reflected the Civil War in all its accuracy. It can be concluded that the war distorted many perspectives of reality. Traditional elements of surrealism stemmed from the dad movement and were subjected to metamorphosis by many artists who incorporated components from cubism, impressionism, Enlightenment and post impressionism as well as various other movements. In its purest form, surrealism had little or no affect on the civil war, in fact, prior to the war, it was much more submissive and discerning. However, the introduction of war perverted the movement in Spain most notably by Dals Autumn Cannibalism (1936) (fig. 2) and Soft Construction with Boiled Beans Premonition of Civil War (July, 1936) (fig. 1) and Picassos Guernika (1937) (fig. 3). Such works were considered a conversion and mockery of works of artists from previous movements like El Greco whose work was considered coetaneous for his time.The Spanish surrealist art culture became a symbolisation of the Spanish Civil War as well as its leftist orientation and the Republic. This demonstrated the highly interlinked nature of political and cultural developments in 1930s Spain. Architects, like Alphonse Laurencic, drew inspiration from the twisted works of Dali, Kandinsky and Klee among others to invent a form of psychotechnic torture found in the mind-bending prison-cells and torture chambers of Barcelona and elsewhere, built in 1938. Jose Millicua suggested that through the use of the psychological properties of colors and geometric abstraction found in these works, Laurencic created a hell that would physically distort and mentally disturb the victim connecting the growing art culture with the growing militaristic government.Section CEvaluation of Sources400wSurrealism and the Spanish Civil War was written by Robin Adle G reenley, a respected art historian, currently Latin American Studies professor at the Connecticut University. The book, published in 2006 by Yale University Press, New Haven, is a critical rendering of Surrealist art works by five artists, including, Dali and Picasso. The purpose of Greenleys work is an attempt to unravel the correspondence in the midst of aesthetics and politics during the Spanish Civil War and focuses on surrealist aspects of the war, how they differed and were affected by the intense struggle plaguing the country. The value of the book is that there is a clear study of the correlation between the art and the events which took place. It is a junior-grade source, designed mainly for the purpose of educating. Greenley intimately analyzes how artistic practice offers unique insight into the cataclysmic debacle of war. The limitation of the book from a diachronic perspective are the existence of some peculiarities in relation to its subject because she examines th e surrealist artists and their work immaculately, but fails to draw strong parallels between the political situation of the time and the drastic change of the movement. Her work, although useful, is mostly suited for contemporary aesthetics and critical theory.The Secret Life of Salvador Dal was written by Salvador Dali (published in 1942 in its pilot light French, then in 2000, translated into English by Haakon M. Chevalier). The purpose of this source is a memoire, allowing an inside scope to Dalis life. The sources value is that it is a direct account from the leading artist of the Surrealist movement, providing the historian with a unique and personal insight as how the war impacted him and his work. Dali is considered one of the few misunderstood artists of his time and here the idea that his hotshot saves him from chaos allows us to understand him more. The book allows a deeper understanding of the awesome painter. It is a primary source and therefore is subjected to persona l prejudice. Taking into account that the source is a personal memoire, Dali has grandiose his life and placed a very positive theme to everything he did with is ingenious use of words. This highlights the limitations of the source. However, he acknowledges some of this iniquitous heroism on his part in the central chapters of his prose as false memories. The memoir written only three years after the war, and passions were still footrace high in Spain while many people were trying to exonerate themselves from the general violence and anarchy.Section DAnalysis650wBoth the civil war and the surrealist art movement are closely connected and referred to by Greenley, as the publics awakening of politics and pictures in the politically polarized Spain. It is an accurate description of the relationship between the cultural and political aspects of the war, pointing out how closely connected the two were, although they are often treated as two separate issues within the 1930s.Common Theme s in Surrealist ArtSpains political polarization was that of artistic polarization too. The Spanish artistic culture were more than just a visual voice of the wars terrors they took a more proactive role within the war, thus recording and commenting on the accounts of the petrifying events from a firsthand perspective. The perversion of the surrealist art movement was done in a manner that possibly was perfectly collaborated between all artists. There is no evidence that suggests this, however. The idea of the body as a political metaphor for the country, the people, the artist, for the earshot to relate to was simply a trend that caught on. The lewd art united the people, it was not only those who were suffering on Spanish soils, but those who had suffered from the previous war and the various other struggles that were happening concurrently or had passed recently. The surrealistic art evolved and functioned in ways that one can relate his stylistic consistencies to his wild polit ical swings Both Greenley and Dal agree that that surrealism is the portrayal horrific metaphor for the physical annihilation of life.Prevalent abstract portrayal in surrealist worksFundamental components which obligate up work such as that of Dal and Picasso were considered contemporary, even for surrealism and, to some extent, were frowned upon and considered the assassination of painting. These innovative elements found in surrealism seemed to pervert the movement making reality more abhorrent and unnatural, but at the same time it acted as an escape from the living nightmares of their reality allowing life to have a more satirical texture to it. Things such as disembodied humans, genitals, death, destruction, furniture and foods even references to religion and Catholicism became the norm in surrealist works wagered the supple irony of the artists lives as well as that of the people they were painting from their perspective of a war that created a reality for the world that was so obscene, it could not be captured any other waySpains political polarization was that of artistic polarization too. The Spanish artistic culture were more than just a visual voice of the wars terrors they took a more proactive role within the war, thus recording and commenting on the accounts of the petrifying events from a firsthand perspective. The perversion of the surrealist art movement was done in a manner that possibly was perfectly collaborated between all artists. There is no evidence that suggests this, however. The idea of the body as a political metaphor for the country, the people, the artist, for the listening to relate to was simply a trend that caught on. The lewd art united the people, it was not only those who were suffering on Spanish soils, but those who had suffered from the previous war and the various other struggles that were happening concurrently or had passed recently. The surrealistic art evolved and functioned in ways that one can relate his stylist ic consistencies to his wild political swings Both Greenley and Dal agree that that surrealism is the portrayal horrific metaphor for the physical annihilation of life.Use of mediaElements of Spanish Surrealism became mostly to do with fascism in a farcical, perverted form of display, causing a ruin of surrealism. This was mostly Dalis movement, joined with other surrealists like Rene Magritte and Max Ernst. Dali, in particular, served as the main revolutionary artist to this interlocking way of painting. The constant elements of his works were things he found some sort of fascination in as a child such as food, death, the idea of sexuality, the human anatomy, insects, a crutch, and various other strange items which he later turned into a satirical, metaphorical component for his work.The idea of the body as a political metaphor became a fast trend throughout Surrealists work. The body came to represent many concepts of the happenings within their lives. It was a metaphor for the artists body, a body weakened by war and its ritualized combat, personal strife of civilians and artists, of politicized or sexualized body, an indicator of unconscious(p) desires as well as body mechanisms acting as a wickedness of avant-garde within the social context. It was created in a fashion as a universal component anyone and everyone could relate to the art effortlessly.Picassos Guernika (1937) utilized these aspects to create an unconscious conception of war, where the strong prey on the weak as a response to the Pavilion,capturing the violence and the disruptive nature of the confusion of private sexuality. It was a symbol of Guernicas struggle and suffering after its violation by the German Blitzkrieg attack.Dalis Autumn Cannibalism (1936) also took into consideration these components, as well as his signature elements to represent the Kafkaesque idea of the war with a more ironic twist than Picassos art. Dalis work making mockery of bourgeoisie and the subtle grotesq ue manner in which this war is carried out, an element of sadomasochistic aggression between the two faceless, closely entwined figures that have an almost parasitic feel to them, turning a seemingly loving kiss into a fatal, inescapable trap underlining the murderous violence depicted.Artists social and political issues in their workA majority of the art responses to the war were surrealist, proving an obvious correlation between the two events. The war had an overwhelming impact of the surrealist art movement inspiring artists such as Dal and Picasso throughout Spain.Section EConclusion200wIt is evident the Spanish Civil War had an impact on the surrealist visual art movement and altered, significantly, the ways in which the movement was captured. The fundamental elements and secondary components that such works were composed of obtained many satirical and metaphorical characteristics which were impacted very much by the war.Previously, the image of the body as a kinky form of political metaphor was not thought of and therefore rarely appeared in surrealist paintings for the mutation of the body was seen as sacrilegious, and in doing so, the already worrying contemporary art became aesthetically tormenting The perverse maturity of the images from artists such as Dal and Picasso have been used as ideal examples of this epic movement which altered not only the way people saw their reality but the global ideal of art and art history.The Spanish Civil War did impact surrealist visual art in Spain by forcing the elements of the work not only more uniform among the artists but changed them to represent something more than the war in their minds.

Concepts of Mega Marketing

Concepts of Mega merchandiseIs it possible to gain situation all over producers by reducing ambition and utilising the techniques of what Kotler calls Mega Marketing?Is it possible to gain power over producers by reducing competition and utilising the techniques of what Kotler calls Mega Marketing? What forms of power might a supplier employ, and argon there whatever risks in following this type of dodging? Suggest specific ways in which a supplier might achieve a competitive returns through the general strategy of pass higher comprehend value.The globalisation of trade and increasing competitiveness are issues of critical concern to businesses. The internationalisation of competition has created the reality that the competitive advantage of a wide variety of enterprises is declining. Changes in the selling landscape select led to a concomitant re-examination and expansion of the primal principles of market strategy. This essay explores some of these factors including t he evolution of the merchandise concept, municipal and global merchandise challenges together with a discussion on generic strategies as a mechanism to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage through specialization from a supplier lieu.Entry into one or m all of the worlds devil hundred country markets is a function of the marketing strategy followed by a firm, and local country conditions. Marketing aimed at a national market (ie domestic marketing) faces a single set of competitive, economic and market issues across market segments including the tailoring of products to address export markets. International marketing is the next level of complexity whereby the firm becomes more directly involved in multiple marketing environss with adjusted market strategies as to how they sell, advertise and distribute to meet local conditions. sincerely global marketing is achieved when a single strategy is followed for a product, service, or company in the global market that encomp asses many markets or countries simultaneously. (Jeanette and Hennessy, 1998 and Kotler, 2000)The effects of globalisation and growth in competition may be beneficial to consumers and suppliers of considerablys and services given the potential for decreases in price and improvements in quality. The downside of global competition is its feign on domestic producers whose livelihood is threatened. Governments, and the local firms and constituencies that influence governments, house create barriers and uncompetitive conditions to limit external entrants to local markets. (Jeanette and Hennessy, 1998)The marketing oriented view of the marketing concept is that a firm bases its activities on the needs and wants of customers in an exchange relationship in selected target markets. Constraints in terms of the environmental milieu, such as laws, industry agreements and norms, influence marketing strategy. (Gronroos, 1994) This implies a balancing act to optimise production relationships to meet the ultimate customers needs and wants which become more complex in a multi-national or global marketing environment. McCarthys (1964) seminal marketing mix concept of product, price, place and promotion (4Ps) has equally evolved as different marketing mixes adopt been put forward for different marketing contexts including product versus service marketing and domestic versus global marketing. Work by Kotler (2000) suggests an adaptation to the marketing mix termed mega marketing as a strategy to enter blocked markets where discriminatory legal requirements, political favouritism, and cartel agreements, social or cultural bias and unfriendly dispersion channels exist. The model suggests an adversarial win-lose relationship rather than lean supply collaborative relationships in the value chain that recognise longer term interdependence. Cox (2004) argues that that win-lose relationships descend beca recitation buyers and suppliers misread circumstances and pursue in detach power and leverage strategies that reinforce an adversarial style. This may be especially true in a foreign marketing environment.Mega marketing is defined as the strategic co-ordination of economic, psychological, political and public relations skills to gain the co-operation of a number of parties in order to enter or conk out in a given market. (Kotler, 1986, p117) By implication therefore, power and public relations are two extra Ps added to McCarthys 4P marketing mix concept. Kotler argues that the conventional marketers use of accepted theory is in itself an impediment to successful penetration of a blocked market and that it is not only penetration, but the retention of any market share by innovative methods that volition ensure a sustainable competitive advantage for the firm. (Kotler, 1986 and Kotler, 2000)The use of power in this context is seen as a push strategy whereas public relations, is a pull strategy. Influencing public opinion has a longer lead time but its eff ectiveness in influencing the mindset of the constituency of the creator of the barriers to intromission ensures a longer term success in the market. For example, firms may identify areas that will be positively affected by corporate social responsibility initiatives thus cultivating goodwill as part of a public relations initiative. (Zadek, 2001)The application of mega marketing principles differs further from tralatitious marketing in terms of higher investment costs, a mix of specialists to support the marketer and the use of power to achieve the firms objectives. The notion of inducement or quit as a means to achieve an end is common practice in a marketing environment. The use of coercive, legitimate, expert or referent power in order to influence on behalf of rather than over individual or grouping in order to achieve an end is less common. The use of coercion in an adversarial arms length hostile fashion to cause harm raises ethical issues, especially important in a world where good corporate governance is a critical success factor. The use of legitimate power through political intervention in favour of a foreign entrant is more likely to succeed as is the use of expert power where an exchange of funding for political campaigns, knowledge, or technical assistance in return for co-operation is used. Referent power and association with prestige in terms of the exchange can be equally effective. (Johnson and Scholes, 2002 and Schmitter, and Streeck, 1991) It is therefore the understand and choice of appropriate power application in a given environment that determines an effective strategy in entering the market.The power structure of a target environment can be analysed by understanding of both the visible and invisible power actors. Power actors are agency or government and community stakeholders who have the capacity to take and effect decisions. The power actors may exercise power through pyramidic, factional, or coalitional structures. In a multil evel hierarchal or pyramidal structure, power is concentrated within a single, cohesive leadership group. In a factional structure, power is concentrated in two or more strapping factions that are competing for power. In a coalitional structure, power is concentrated less strongly whereby actors and associations work together in fluid coalitions. An amorphous structure exists where power is diffuse, with undersize or no pattern of coalition create or centralised leadership. The inappropriate use of power or alignment with unsuitable power actors can damage the firms strategic outcome. (Keegan, 1999, Kotler, 1986 and Schmitter and Streeck, 1991) Understanding the power landscape in the context of the greater business and economic environment allows the marketer to plan a strategic intervention with the objective (for example) to gain power over producers and hence reduce competition.Kotler (1986) suggests that three broad power strategies can be followed achromaticise opponents by offering to compensate them for any losses, organise allies into a close coalition and hence reducing opposing collective power or turn neutral groups unaffected by the firms strategy, into allies. Licensing, joint ventures, and joint ownership represent alternative expansion strategies that depend on how the firm configures its value chain. Tactical implementation plans may be linear or multilinear depending on market requirements. The decision around the mechanism of entry into a market is an imperative that can minimise the risks associated with that entry and influence strategic advantage. (Kotler, 1986 and Kotler, 2000)Keegan (1999) argues that strategy is integrated action in pursuit of a competitive advantage. Understanding a firms unique value from a consumer perspective is the basis for ensuring that the competitive advantage is sustainable. The successful application of mega marketing principles to blocked markets to enable access will allow the firm to follow one of the two generic extracts developed by Porter that he identified as either leading in cost, or leading in differentiation. The first option encourages continuously growing competitiveness, while the second entails continuous quality improvement. Porter highlights the role of innovation as the capacity to generate knowledge and the key to building competitive advantage. The competitive scenario comprises inter firm rivalry impacted by the influence of suppliers and buyers threatened by substitutes or by new entrants to the industry. When describing the companys competition in relation to the competitiveness of nations, he identifies the companys strategy, structure, and rivalry as the source of competitive advantage. (Johnson and Scholes, 2002 and Keegan, 1999)The generic options translate into a matrix model with quadrants of cost leadership, product differentiation, focused differentiation, and cost focus strategies. This allows strategic decision making with respect to the market sco pe and product mix within which a firms competitive advantage will be realised. For example, a policy of broad or narrow target market differentiation is appropriate if a firms product delivers actual or perceived uniqueness and quality in the eyes of the consumer. This may include better performance, superior design, or better fit with customer needs. Differentiation can be an effective strategy to defend market position and obtain above average returns through premium pricing. (Johnson and Scholes, 2002 and Keegan, 1999)Firms that succeed in a product differentiation strategy typically have internal strengths that include access to superior research and development capability, a reputation for quality and innovation, a skilled and seminal product development team and a talented sales and distribution capability supported by a strategic marketing process that communicates and reinforces note fealty and the strengths of the product. Risks associated with this strategy are imitati on by competitors and changes in customer tastes. Firms that succeed in a focussed differentiation strategy build on core competencies and concentrate on a narrow market segment in order to develop a high degree of customer loyalty as a barrier to entry to competitors. Although lower volumes increase the bargaining power of suppliers, cost increases can be more easily passed onto customers because product substitutes are not readily available. Few generic competitive advantages are long lasting and Hamel and Prahalad warn that the defence of existing of advantages is as important as the establishment of future advantage. (Hamel and Prahalad, 1994 and Jeannet and Hennessey, 1998)In summary, the global marketing imperative to take advantage of opportunities for growth in an environment where protectionist policies inhibit expansion has led to an evolution of the traditional model of the marketing concept to include mega marketing as a mechanism to gain access to blocked markets. The successful entry into the market requires an understanding of the local environment and the application of power and public relations in order to gain competitive advantage throughout the value chain. Power over producers can be attained by reducing competition by means of a number of techniques by engaging the power actors through a researched power structure. At an industry level, the choice of entry mode could facilitate reduced competition based on alliances or collaborative business forms. An analysis and understanding of all risks associated with the selected strategy is essential, if a sustainable competitive advantage is to be achieved. As part of this approach, an application of a differentiated generic strategy to the market may limit risk through premium pricing and reduce dependence on supplier costs.ReferencesCox, A. (2004) The Art of the Possible Relationship forethought in Power Regimes and Supply Chains. Supply Chain Management An International diary. Volume 9, 5. Gronroos, C. (1994) Defining Marketing A Market Oriented Approach. European Journal of Marketing, Volume 28, 10.Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C. K. (1994) Competing for the Future. Boston, Harvard Business Press.Jeannet, J. P. and Hennessey, H. D. (1998) Global Marketing Strategies Fourth Edition. Boston, Houghton Mifflin.Johnson, G. and Scholes, K. (2002) Exploring Corporate Strategy Sixth Edition. Harlow, Pearson Education.Keegan, W. J. (1999) Global Marketing Management. New Jersey, Simon and Schuster.Kotler P. (2000) Marketing Management, Millennium Edition. New Jersey, scholar Hall.Kotler P. (1986) Megamarketing. Harvard Business Review Volume 81, 3.McCarthy, E. J. (1964) Basic Marketing. Homewood, Richard D Irwin.Schmitter, P. C. and Streeck, W. (1991) From National Corporatism to Transnational Pluralism. Politics and Society. Volume 19, 2.Zadek, S. (2001) The Civil Corporation. Sterling, Earthscan Publications.

Justice in Euripides Medea :: Euripides Medea Essays

Justice in Euripides MedeaHow do we define think as just? When asked this question, it really makes you begin to wonder how to depict what one might conceive of is just. In the story of Medea, reason is what drives many of the characters actions. For example, the reason that Jason leaves Medea for Creons daughter is for his own benefit. Is that just? Medea then kills Creon and his daughter for r regularge against Jason. Is that just?. Throughout the whole story, you are torn with emotions between the characters. At first, you feel sorry for Medea. Her husband, who she has saved from death, has left her for another woman. She has been all/obediant their entire marriage, transforming herself into the sort of wife required by society. You cant champion but sympathize with her.As she is Faced with her husbands cold pragmatism, Medea responds according to her nature. Euripides really stresses the otherness of Medeas nature she is of a different kind, described in equipment casualty o f nature and animals she is a swing or wave of the sea, like a wild bull, a tiger. Yes, she is a little dangerous, but she is goaded by her hear that brisk force which distinguishes the body from the corpse and has been crushed by Jasons betrayal. Later in the story, our sympathy transfers from Medea to Jason. Her revenge turns immoral, leaving readers with a whizz of uneasiness. It is not so much the fact that she kills Creon and his daughter, but the fact that she slays her children in cold-blood. The stories characters, Medea and Jason, can be seen as representations of two different responses to life. For hundreds of years, society has judged each others actions and reactions ground on just cause. This story, to me, has a type of underlying theme that drags the reader into a moral debate, which forces you to really question your own belief system. Today, we see it everywhere. On reality tv, court tv, and even on the news. We are constantly required to judge peoples actions as just or unjust.Justice in Euripides Medea Euripides Medea EssaysJustice in Euripides MedeaHow do we define reason as just? When asked this question, it really makes you begin to wonder how to depict what one might think is just. In the story of Medea, reason is what drives many of the characters actions. For example, the reason that Jason leaves Medea for Creons daughter is for his own benefit. Is that just? Medea then kills Creon and his daughter for revenge against Jason. Is that just?. Throughout the whole story, you are torn with emotions between the characters. At first, you feel sorry for Medea. Her husband, who she has saved from death, has left her for another woman. She has been all/obediant their entire marriage, transforming herself into the sort of wife required by society. You cant help but sympathize with her.As she is Faced with her husbands cold pragmatism, Medea responds according to her nature. Euripides really stresses the otherness of Medeas nature she is o f a different kind, described in terms of nature and animals she is a rock or wave of the sea, like a wild bull, a tiger. Yes, she is a little dangerous, but she is driven by her hear that vital force which distinguishes the body from the corpse and has been crushed by Jasons betrayal. Later in the story, our sympathy transfers from Medea to Jason. Her revenge turns immoral, leaving readers with a sense of uneasiness. It is not so much the fact that she kills Creon and his daughter, but the fact that she slays her children in cold-blood. The stories characters, Medea and Jason, can be seen as representations of two different responses to life. For hundreds of years, society has judged each others actions and reactions based on just cause. This story, to me, has a type of underlying theme that drags the reader into a moral debate, which forces you to really question your own belief system. Today, we see it everywhere. On reality tv, court tv, and even on the news. We are constantly r equired to judge peoples actions as just or unjust.

Malcolm X :: essays research papers fc

The year was 1925, and someone special was born. His birth name was Malcolm Little, however there were big things in store for this child. Born in Omaha, Nebraska. The seventh of eleven children born to Earl Little, an organizer for Marcus Garveys "back-to-Africa" movement (Comptons encyclopedia online). At age six Malcolms father was murdered. As a progeny his mother later suffered a nervous breakdown, and the family was separated by welfare agencies (Comptons encyclopedia online). Later in life he would blame these analogous agencies for destroying his family. He was bounced around from boardinghouses and schools, and dreamed of becoming a lawyer only to be discouraged by his teachers. After leaving school, in the eighth grade, he lived with a relative in Boston, Mass. He shined shoes, worked in a restaurant and on a railroad kitchen crew. In 1942 he moved to a subdivision in New York called Harlem. Where he lived as a hustler, cheating people to make money for himself . He also sold drugs and became a drug crackpot himself. A rival drug dealer named "West Indian Archie" ran him out of New York. And he ended up back in Boston. Where he started a burglary ring, which consisted of friend named Shorty, a pretty boy type of fellow named Rudy, a woman that Malcolm dealt with named Sophia and one of her friends (Alex Haley 168). He soon found out that crime does non pay, when he soon got arrested and stolen items were found in his possession. The Negroes of that group was sentenced to eight years, while the whites of the group were sentenced to only two. This put an image in Malcolms head on how the justice system was ran. While in prison. Malcolm was well known to the guards. One time he was asked to state his number, but instead he said he forgot his number. The guards beat him and sent him to the "darkroom". In the darkroom he met Brother Bains. Bains was a man everyone respected including guards. He was known as a real man and gave speeches almost Islam. Malcolm did not listen at first however it didnt take him long to listen to the words of stern empowerment, spoken by brother Bains. The black Muslims prediction that in the near future a great war would take place in which whites would be destroyed and black people would regularize the world through the power of Allah, their creator.